Framework for optimization of long-term, multi-period investment planning of integrated urban energy systems

In order to achieve stringent greenhouse gas emission reductions, a transition of our entire energy system from fossil renewable resources needs be designed. Such an brings two main challenges: most renewables generate variable electric energy, yet demand is currently not (carrier mismatch) and does always manifest at the same time as supply (temporal mismatch). Integrating multiple infrastructures can address both challenges by using synergy between different carriers; building on existing infrastructure, while allowing robust flexible integration new. This paper proposes optimization framework for long-term, multi-period investment planning urban systems in integrated manner. We formulate it mixed-integer linear program, combining capacitated facility location with multi-dimensional, network design problem. It includes generation expansion well interconnections networks storage infrastructure each system. incorporate pathway effects like techno-economic developments, policy measures, weather variations. The intended use support decision makers long-term planning, though tailored fit other geographical or temporal scales. demonstrate model cases based average city Netherlands, which wants reduce its CO2-emissions 95% 2050. first case, we include explicit carbon-emission constraints study carrier mismatch. second implement interannual variations analyze results give valuable insights into strategy makers. They also show future potential, computational framework.